Process for the removal of the cerealins and drying of grain moistened for this purpose



Q 1,657 091 July 1927 s. STEINMETZ PROCESYS FOR THE REMOVAL OF THECEREALINS AND DRYING OF GRAIN MOISTENED FOR THIS PURPOSE Filed Nov. 6,1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1.

Jnvenfar 672F190 5TE/ NME a 1,637 091 s. STEINMETZY PROCESS FOR THEREMOVAL OF THE CEREALINS AND DRYING OF GRAIN MOISTENED FOR THIS PURPOSEFild NOV. 6, l926 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

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Patented July 26,1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STEFAN STEIN METZ, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

PROCESS EoR THE REMOVAL OF THE CEREALINS AND DRYING E GRAIN MOISTENEDEoR T ns PURPOSE.

Application filed November 6, 1926, Serial No. 146,697, and in GermanyOctober 19, 1925.

The bran; that is the wrapper which covers the kernel of the rainconsists, as is well known, of two difiirent layers. The outer layer orso-called cellulose tissue, is

worthless for human nourishment and is almost hygroscopical.

'The removal of this cellulose layer by a vet process and by means ofpeeling and centrifugal devices is well known. The in- H) ner layer, thealeuron or faveolate layer is like leather and ofl'ers a very greatresistance against entrance of water. These two layers are fixedtogether and provided by nature with a certain sticking ferment.

l5 Mege-Mouries. who has discovered this ferment as early as inthemiddle of the nineteenth century has given to the same the,

name cerealine. To the presence of this ferment the extreme acetousfermentation of the bread-dough, the darkening of its colour and the baddigestibility of the bread are attributed. It is known to experts, thatthe action of these disagreeable characteristics entirely depends uponthe degree of removal of this sticking ferment or cerealine. If thelatter is carefully removed, the bread becomes of a lighter color andthe quantity of acetous contents therein will be reduced.

By washing and peeling the grains by a 80 wet process it will bepossible to partially remove this sticking ferment. This process,

however, is connected with the grave disadvantage, that-the machinesused for carrying out the same will become soiled very as easily.Furthermore, experience has shown,

that cold water alone will not be suflicient' for carrying out thisprocess, and that furthermore the drying and polishing of the grainsleaves much to be desired, if the main purpose of the process consistsin the entire removal of the cerealine. The above statements will servein order to facilitate the better understanding of the invention, whichhas for its primary object to absolutely remove the cerealine and at thesame time to again bring the grains into dry condition. This inventionconsists essentially therein, that the grains are soaked and washed in asingle process by a positive motion of the same, and thereupon exposedlikewise by positive motion to such intimate friction between each otherthat in the working contairers there will be produced such a degree ofheat, that the heat on the one hand will facilitate the removal of thecerealine and illustration of a on the other hand act favourably uponthe process of drying the moistened grains, as early as they leave thelast working machine. According to this invention the drying of thegrains by positive motion is accomplished by. means of hinged plates,which are disposed in front of the outlets of the working containers soas to close up said outlets by the action of springs or weights. Suchhinged plates are known for instance in connection with mills anddissolving machines.

The accompanying drawing shows an plant working according to thisinvention. Fig. 1 is in part. a vertical section, and in part alongitudinal view of the machinery for carrying out the processaccording to this invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the machineryshown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 a cross-section through the workingcontainers of the machinery according to Figs. 1 and 2.

The corn, moistened with water in any well known manner, is conveyed inpositive motion by means of a conveyor spiral 1, while the outlet of theconveyor is closed by the yieldingly hinged plate 2, which is kept inclosed condition by a weight or spring attached thereto. As soon as acertain pressure is generated during the motion of the corn in thecasing or container 3. the plate 2- will open automatically and thegrain together with the water may pass said hinged plate and enter intothe drum 4. In this drum the free water may discharge through the sieve5, while the moistened grains will enter into the drum 6. The strokeledges 7 will now press the grains towards the inner wall of the drum,which may be fixedly or rotatablymounted. In

order to fill the drum 6 as near as possible up to the inner wall theledges 7 are provided with perforations 7 and in addition to this theoutlet of the drum 6 contains a hinged plate 8, which is weighted on itsoutside and thus give way tothe grain only after the latter is subjectedto a relatively high pressure.

.As the preliminary drum 6 is working without ventilation the increasedfriction of the grains will produce heat, which will preliminarily andthoroughly soften not only the outside layer or tissue of cellulose, butalso the layer of cerealine by means of the water, which becomeslukewarm due to said aforedescribed operations are friction. By means ofthe hinged plate 8 the outlet of the grains will be automaticallyregulated under pressure. The warmed grains to ether with the removedand loosened hul s are now entering the peelin drum 9, in which thehulls will be remove in the known manner by friction and carried away bythe suction ventilator. In this drum also the work is done under anincreased inner frictional pressure, because the outlet of this drum islikewise provided with a hinged plate 10, which is acted upon by aweight or spring. By means of the heat, which will thus be produced incombination with the action of the suction ventilator the grains aredryed to such an extent that they will again almost assume their normaldegree of dryness.

The cerealine, however, after this procedure will not yet be absolutelyremoved. This is accomplished by the subsequent steps of operation ofthe plant, for which the the preliminary steps. The device serving forthe subsequent operations consists of a centrifugal washing device 11and a polishing machine 13. In the centrifugal device the entering ainwill be impinged upon in the full width of the washing s ace by a jet ofpressure water which may e mixed. with chalk or other chemicalsubstances which are not njurious to human health.

Thereupon the polishing machine, which is equipped with a shaft havingstroke ledges 13 will perform the separation of the water, which hadagain been added, and thoroughly and finally remove the cerealine andpol ish the grains in dry condition.

The passage of the grains from the centrifugal device 11 into thepolishing room takes place through a top opening 14, provided in theseparation wall 15.

The polishing machine is likewise connected with the suction ventilator,the stroke ledges 16 of the polishing machine being also provided withperforations, which are hinged plate and weights or sprlngs and theoutlet with a therefor. The pur ose is, as before, to obtain by frictiona su cient degree of heat for disdirected towards the outside, also 18provided, the same as before,

solving the cerealine and to dry the grains; The suction ventilatorremoves also the dus to ether with the cerealine. I

he process according to this invention may also be performed, withexistin peelin devices by providing the describe hinget i lates on theoutlets with these devices, and y connecting the apparatus with acentrifugal washing device and a polishing machine 11 and 12. 4

It will be understood, that no part of the plant herein described, whichserves for carrying out the process according to this invention, is anew device, when considered for itself. According to this invention aconsiderable progress is attained b the hinged plates for the purpose ofpro ucing a new effect by the heat which is generate in the apparatus.In ordinary mills and dissolving machines the heat generated thereinwill exert an injurious effect upon the baking capacity of the materialand for the preservation of the gluten cells and must therefore be asfar as possible avoided. According to the present invention, the heat isintended to be produced and used for a useful purpose, viz, for theremoving of the cerealine and for drying the moistened products.

I claim:

A process for removing the oerealine from grains, which consists insoaking the grains in a single uninterrupted process and during positivemotion of the same, washing said grains, thereupon exposing said grainsunder exclusion of ventilation to an interior friction, so as to raisethe temperature in the vicinity of the grains to such an extent, thatthe water carried along with the grains will become lukewarm and thus beable to soften the cerealine and partly dissolve the same, thereuponrubbing and sucking off the so loosened and detached shells in the knownway from the grains, again washing the grains with pressure water,polishing said grains in a polishing machine, and liberatin said grainsby action of centrifugal force om the moisture adhering thereto.

In testimony whereof I have aifixed my signature.

STEFAN STEINMETZ.

